Fatty liver is a common health issue among U.S. adults. The American Liver Foundation notes that 25–30% of U.S. adults (approximately 80–100 million people) have fatty liver disease (Riazi et al., 2022). Fatty liver disease in dogs is gaining attention among both conventional and holistic veterinarians. While it's more commonly discussed in cats, dogs are not immune—especially when lifestyle, nutrition, and underlying health conditions are taken into account.
Understanding how to spot, manage, and potentially prevent this liver health problem can make a significant difference in your dog’s long-term well-being. This guide dives deep into what veterinarians want every pet parent to know.
What Is Fatty Liver in Dogs?
Fatty liver disease occurs when triglycerides abnormally accumulate in liver cells, impairing the liver's ability to detoxify, metabolize fats, and support digestion. Canine hepatic lipidosis, although less common than in cats, is often underdiagnosed until symptoms become severe (Center, 2009).
- Primary hepatic lipidosis: Rare; may be genetic or idiopathic.
- Secondary hepatic lipidosis: More common; often caused by diabetes, pancreatitis, obesity, or prolonged anorexia (Center, 2009).
Signs and Symptoms to Watch For
Early signs may include:
- Lethargy or reduced activity
- Decreased appetite
- Mild weight loss
As the condition worsens:
- Vomiting and diarrhea
- Jaundice (yellow eyes, gums, skin)
- Abdominal swelling
- Neurological signs like confusion or stumbling (Watson, 2004)
Diagnosing Fatty Liver: What Vets Look For
- Blood tests: Elevated ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, and bile acids (Watson, 2004)
- Imaging: Ultrasound may show liver enlargement and fatty infiltration (Center, 2009)
- Liver biopsy: The gold standard for confirming hepatic lipidosis (Center, 2009)
Root Causes and Risk Factors
- Obesity (German, 2006)
- Prolonged fasting or malnutrition (Center, 2009)
- Chronic illnesses (diabetes, Cushing’s, pancreatitis) (Watson, 2004)
- Exposure to toxins or medications (Watson, 2004)
Nutrition and Natural Support Options
- High-quality protein sources
- Controlled fat intake (Center, 2006)
- Liver-supportive nutrients like B vitamins and antioxidants
Natural compounds with evidence:
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering effects in animal studies (Sharma et al., 2007)
- Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum): Source of omega-3s; shown to reduce liver triglycerides in rats (Zhang et al., 2014)
Veterinary Treatment and Holistic Care
Conventional Treatment:
- IV fluids and electrolytes
- Feeding support (Center, 2009)
- Medications like ursodeoxycholic acid (Center, 2006)
Holistic Adjuncts:
- SAMe for detox support (Center, 2006)
- Milk thistle (silymarin) for liver regeneration (Center, 2006)
- Acupuncture or herbal support (Watson, 2004)
Always consult an integrative veterinarian before starting supplements.
Prevention and Long-Term Monitoring
- Weight management (German, 2006)
- Annual liver screening (Watson, 2004)
- Careful selection of liver-supportive treats and foods (Sharma et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2014)
Conclusion
Fatty liver disease may be silent in its early stages, but with the proper diet, monitoring, and veterinary support, it can be effectively managed. Partner with your vet to protect your dog’s liver for years to come.
Clinical Note for Practitioners
Run hepatic panels and imaging in suspected cases. Collaborate with nutritionists. Monitor for secondary conditions (Center, 2006).
Practitioner Usage Guide
-
Supplements:
- SAMe: 18–20 mg/kg
- Milk thistle: 50–250 mg silymarin
- Omega-3s: ~40 mg EPA + DHA/kg
- Delivery: Feeding dog treats containing turmeric and flax seeds.
- Duration: 8–12 weeks minimum under vet guidance
References
- Riazi, K., Azhari, H., Charette, J. H., Underwood, F. E., King, J. A., Afshar, E. E., Swain, M. G., & Kaplan, G. G. (2022). The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related comorbidities in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology Communications, 6(7), 1493–1506. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep4.1912
- Center, S. A. (2006). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 36(2), 543–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2005.12.006
- Center, S. A. (2009). Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 24(3), 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2009.04.005
- German, A. J. (2006). The Journal of Nutrition, 136(7 Suppl), 1940S–1946S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.7.1940S
- Sharma, R. A., Gescher, A. J., & Steward, W. P. (2007). European Journal of Cancer, 41(13), 1955–1968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2005.05.009
- Watson, P. J. (2004). The Veterinary Journal, 167(3), 228–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2003.02.001
- Zhang, W., Wang, X., Liu, Y., Tian, H., & Zhou, D. (2014). Mediators of Inflammation, 2014, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/784350